W*- 



FACTS ABOUT 
PATENTS 



HOW OBTAINED 
THEIR COST 



TREATING ALSO OF 
DESIGNS, TRADEMARKS, ETC, 



WlLLIJtM XEVJtRRE CROMWELL 

JHtorney at Law 

Patents and Patent Causes 

Equitable Building, IOOS F Street M. W. 

Washington, D. C. 
^58 Registered Patent JHtorney 

■ 



THE LIBRARY OF 
CONGRESS, 

Two Copies Received 

MAR 9 1903 

Ccpyngrit Entry 
CLASS cu XXc. No. 

6' > i o 



COPY B 






<*A 




0) 



si 
a. 

-Si 

5 



• • • 



As to my Ability and Qualifications to 
Handle Your Business. 

Every inventor or manufacturer who contem- 
plates applying for a patent or is about to en- 
gage in patent litigation, naturally desires to 
know something of the ability and qualifica- 
tions of the attorney whom he retains, and 
that you may appreciate my personal qualifica- 
tions for the transaction of the diversified 
branches of patent business, I point you to the 
fact that for more than ten years I have been 
continuously and actively engaged in prepar- 
ing and prosecuting applications for patents, 
during which time I have also been engaged in 
rendering expert opinions as to questions of 
validity and infringement of patents, and have 
also had the consideration and determination 
of the many other matters constantly coming 
before an active practitioner. 

I am a graduate of Columbian University, 
which institution has conferred upon me the 
degree of " Master of Patent I/aw," and in ad- 
dition I am also a member of the bar of the 
Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia, 
and also the Supreme Court, and as an incident 
thereto I practice before all the Federal Courts 
throughout the United States. I am also a 
registered attorney of the United States Patent 
Office. 

I give my time wholly to soliciting broad and 
comprehensive patents, and to the practice of 
patent law, and by not engaging in divorce 
cases, suits relating to real estate, and other di- 
versions incident to the general practitioner, I 
can conscientiously assure you that your pat- 
ent business will receive my undivided atten- 
tion ; that it will be promptly and vigorously 



prosecuted, and -finally,. but of the most import- 
ance, that it will have my ■ -personal considera- 
tion. 

Please observe also that after your business 
with the Patent Office has terminated, my rela- 
tions to your matters do not cease, but I am 
also qualified to prosecute and defend before 
the courts all suits in which your patent in 
terests may be involved, and which, by reasor 
of their technical nature, require the services 
of a thoroughly competent and skilled attorney 
and counsellor at law. These qualifications are 
not possessed by the ordinary patent solicitor, 
who must relinquish his connection with your 
interests as soon as the business before the 
Patent Office has terminated, and who must 
retain other attorneys versed in patent law 
should it be necessary to represent you before 
the courts. 

I also make a specialty, as before indicated, 
of rendering expert opinions as to the scope, 
validity and infringement of patents, and hence 
am in a position to authoritatively advise 
manufacturers and owners of patents as to the 
exact rights conferred upon them by the pat- 
ents which they hold or under which they are 
manufacturing. 

In all questions submitted to me I assure 
prompt and courteous replies, together with 
honest and reliable advice as to proper proce- 
dure, and my fees are placed at moderate 
figures, but thoroughly commensurate with the 
strictly high-class services which I render. 

Value of Your Patent Depends upon 
the Attorney Whom You Select. 

It is the purpose of the Constitution to afford 
all inventors full and adequate protection for 
their inventions or discoveries, and this is se- 



cured by the grant of patents for suck inven- 
tions or discoveries, but the value of a patent 
as a medium of protection is entirely dependent 
upon the manner in which the application there- 
for is prepared and prosecuted before the Pat- 
ent Office. A skilled attorney can and ought 
to secure every claim to which an inventor is 
justly entitled over prior existing patents, and 
if he is conscientious in his work he will do 
this. The very nature of a patent application 
is such that it is one of the most technical and 
difficult instruments to draw, and consequently 
only an attorney who is thoroughly conversant 
with patent practice should be retained, and 
one who has had large experience and has been 
actively engaged in the preparation and prose- 
cution of patent applications. In his report to 
Congress, one of the most eminent Commis- 
sioners of Patents has placed his seal upon the 
importance of selecting a reliable and conscien- 
tious attorney in the following pointed lan- 
guage : 

" The drawing up of the specification is an 
operation which requires the utmost care, skill 
and attention, for the validity of the patent 
will depend on this document being clear, ex- 
plicit and circumstantial. Few inventors will 
venture to assume a task which is calculated 
to try the capacity and experience of the most 
able professional man." 

And the United States Supreme Court, in an 
opinion delivered by Mr. Justice Brown, also 
points out the necessity for retaining a skilled 
attorney. The following is the language used 
by this learned tribunal : 

"The specification and claims of a patent, 
particularly if the invention be at all compli- 
cated, constitute one of the most difficult legal 



instruments to draw with accuracy, and in 
view of the fact that valuable inventions are 
often placed in the hands of inexperienced 
persons, to prepare such specifications and 
claims, it is no matter of surprise that the lat- 
ter frequently fail to describe with requisite 
certainty the exact invention of the patentee, 
and err either in claiming that which the pat- 
entee had not in fact invented, or omitting 
some element which was a valuable or essen- 
tial part of his actual invention." 

This comment from the highest legal au- 
thority in our country is an injunction and 
warning to inventors to entrust their business 
only to experienced counsel. Special training 
and experience are absolutely requisite for the 
proper preparation of an application and the 
prosecution thereof to an allowance upon the 
most comprehensive claims. It is one thing 
to secure a patent, but to secure a patent which 
is able to stand subsequent judicial investiga- 
tion and effectually protect the patentee 
against imitators or evaders, is quite a different 
proposition. The Examiners in the Patent 
Office are, to a certain extent, judicial officers, 
and stand in the position of attorneys for the 
Government, who strenuously oppose the grant- 
ing of broad and sweeping claims if there is 
ground for opposition. Laxity on the part of 
an applicant in claiming his invention inures 
to the benefit of the public whom the Examiner 
represents. If, therefore, an applicant pre- 
sents limited claims which do not amply pro- 
tect his invention and fails to present claims of 
sufficient scope to prevent appropriation of 
the invention by imitators and infringers, it is 
not the duty of the Examiners of the Patent 
Office to suggest the presentation of broader 
claims, but to allow the application with the 
claims as made. 



Many important inventions are frequently 
sacrificed, and the benefits which the inventors 
thereof should have derived are entirely lost, 
simply because the inventors have injudiciously 
selected incompetent persons as their attorneys. 
In the selection of an attorney, an ounce of 
prevention is worth more than a pound of cure, 
for after the rights of an inventor are once sac- 
rificed it is extremely difficult, if not almost 
impossible, to regain the same. 

Select a Washington Attorney. Decid* 

ed Advantage to your 

Interests. 

There is only one Patent Office in the United 
States, and that is located in Washington. 
The entire prosecution of your case, which is 
the most important part of your business before 
the Patent Office, must be done here, and it is 
obvious that the fewer hands it passes through 
in reaching the Patent Office the more quickly 
and effectually will the prosecution be done. 
You will therefore see that an attorney residing 
in Washington has greater advantages than 
those living in remote cities. In the latter 
cases these attorneys must either depend upon 
the services of Washington attorneys, or con- 
duct their business by correspondence with 
the Patent Office, which is attended with many 
delays and annoyances. An application for 
patent can be more intelligently prepared and 
prosecuted by one who has before him all the 
prior patents in the field to which the particular 
invention belongs, than by a solictor who has 
not this advantage, and attorneys remote from 
Washington do not possess these advantages. 
If an application is rejected, the Washington 
attorney is on the ground to at once personally 
interview the Examiners, and a prompt per- 



sonal explanation and oral argument are mani- 
festly more convincing to the Examiner in 
charge of a case than many written arguments 
which might be sent through the mail. 

The immense saving in time is not alone the 
only reason for employing a Washington attor- 
ney, but there is also a large saving of expense 
as well. Attorneys residing away from Wash- 
ington frequently find it absolutely necessary 
to come here in order to untangle knotty propo- 
sitions which have arisen during the prosecu- 
tion of their cases, and such visits by them are 
always attended by expense which must be 
borne by their clients. 

Moreover, a Washington attorney is ac- 
quainted with the characteristics and peculiar 
whims of the Examiners of the Patent Office, 
and when a disputed or complicated point 
arises in connection with cases, he is in a posi- 
tion to fully understand the best way in which 
to approach the Examiners to gain such point. 
His intimate contact, which is daily, with the 
various Examiners of the Patent Office, main- 
tains a Washington attorney well up in the 
constantly changing practice of the Patent 
Office. This is not so of the attorney who 
resides away from Washington. He is not 
acquainted, in many instances, with the pecu- 
liarities of the Examiners, nor does he gain by 
personal contact with the Examiners a knowl- 
edge of their characteristics, and consequently 
he is hampered by such in his practice before 
the Patent Office. 

As before indicated, the Washington attorney 
is on the ground to present a personal argu- 
ment when the same is necessary, but an attor- 
ney away from Washington can only present 
such an argument by making a special trip to 
Washington, and in such cases the client must 
bear the burden of the expenses of such trip ; 



his case is also frequently held until his attor- 
ney finds a sufficient lapse of time in his busi- 
ness to permit such trip being made. Non- 
resident attorneys sometimes retain Washing- 
ton associates for precisely this purpose, but 
in such cases it is apparent that there is the 
ever-present liability to mistake by reason of 
the business passing through several hands, 
and, furthermore, this is simply a round-about 
way of attaining a result which the inventor 
might have attained more directly and with 
less expense by primarily retaining a Wash- 
ington attorney. 

The value of a Washington attorney is fur- 
ther manifested by the fact that some non- 
resident practitioners have a representative 
here in Washington to manage their business 
before the Patent Office, but it must be 
realized that in such cases this is maintained 
under additional expense, and inventors must 
necessarily pay for the same. 

If it is your desire to have your business 
promptly attended to, and without involving 
large expense, it should be given to a reliable 
Washington attorney with whom it is not 
necessary to prosecute your applications at 
long range, but who is on the ground and in a 
position to frequently consult the officials of 
the Patent Office when such is necessary. 

Personal Services. By Such You He* 
ceive the Work for which You Pay. 

Unlike other lines of business, it is para- 
mount that in patent practice the personal ser- 
vices of your attorney should be secured. It 
is of absolutely no benefit to you if you exer- 
cise great care in selecting an attorney, and 
then after retaining him have your business 
transacted by some irresponsible employee 
paid by him. Such work is not the work of 



the attorney whom you retain, and while he 
may be directly responsible to you for the work 
of his clerk, at the same time you are not 
receiving the services for which you pay. 
The characterizing feature of my practice is 
the fact that all matters entrusted to me re- 
ceive my personal attention, and you are thus 
assured that in retaining me you receive my 
personal services, and not those of <a clerk. 

No Free Advertising or Grab-Bag 
Schemes. 

In conducting my business I have always 
endeavored to do so along lines which are 
strictly in accord with professional ethics. I 
assume that every inventor who seeks my ad- 
vice and services aims, above everything else, 
to obtain primarily an expert opinion as to the 
patentability of his invention, and if the inven- 
tion is patentable, to have the same thoroughly 
protected in accordance with the provisions of 
the Constitution relative thereto. To those 
not hitherto my clients I desire to state that I 
do not resort to unprofessional methods adopted 
by many patent solicitors with a view to boom- 
ing their questionable businesses. ' ' Grab-bag" 
and "free advertising schemes," " awards," 
" fee returned," and like propositions ; " cer- 
tificates of patentability," "guarantees," and 
methods of this character are never followed 
by practitioners of standing. They are simply 
adopted for the purpose of leading inventors 
to place their business in the hands of the 
attorney following such methods, and inven- 
tors desiring the broadest protection possible 
will not patronize such men. Their certificates 
of patentability are not worth the paper upon 
which they are written, their free advertising 
is no better than what the inventor receives 



10 



from the Official Gazette of the Patent Office 
in which his name appears, together with an 
illustration of his invention and the claims 
granted, and inventors wearing medals and 
awards given by such attorneys are merely 
walking advertisements of these schemers. 
Experienced inventors have long since realized 
the vital importance of having their inventions 
thoroughly protected and retain attorneys who 
are expert in the prosecution of patent busi- 
ness, rather than being expert in schemes for 
alluring inventors into their clutches. 

In selecting an attorney you should use pre- 
cisely the same judgment and common sense 
which would characterize the selection of a 
physician, and obviously in the latter case the 
imperative needs would require the selection 
of only the very best. The needs of protecting 
your invention are as imperative as in the 
selection of a reliable physician. 

My Terms. I Do Not Require Trust De* 

posits, Notes, Certified Checks or 

the Like to Secure Payment. 

One of the most important items to an in- 
ventor is the payment of the necessary fees for 
securing his patent, and the majority of attor- 
neys refuse absolutely to proceed with an in- 
ventor's case until he has paid the entire fees 
in advance, or in lieu thereof has deposited 
the same in bank in trust for the attorney, sub- 
ject to the allowance of the application. In 
both of these cases there is absolutely no rela- 
tion of confidence between an attorney and his 
client. Those attorneys requiring the advance 
of their total fees say to you in substance that 
they have confidence neither in your ability to 
pay, nor in your integrity. They regard it as 
a transaction to which they are the only party, 



and rather than trust you for the payment of 
the fee until after the work is performed, de- 
mand that payment be made in full at the start. 
It is clearly a case, from the attorney's point 
of view, of irresponsibility on your part, or it 
is a lack of confidence on his part in his ability 
to secure a patent. In short, he must be paid 
whether you receive value for the money which 
you have paid or not. 

The practice of those attorneys who prose- 
cute on what is commonly known as the " No 
patent, no pay" plan is as objectionable to an 
inventor as the " All-in-advance " plan, and is 
even odious. They require that you deposit in 
bank, subject to their order, their entire fee, 
or else give a note or other security whereby 
their fee is sure. In this case you lose the 
use of the entire amount of the fee for an in- 
definite time, and it is equivalent to saying 
that you have neither a good name, good 
credit, nor that you are competent of meeting 
an obligation. 

In establishing my present system for the 
payment of fees I have had due regard for the 
confidential relation which should and ought 
to exist between an attorney and his client, and 
yet I have endeavored to establish a system 
which will impose no appreciable burden upon 
an inventor to effect the payment of the neces- 
sary fees for his patent. I simply require a 
small advance payment, which is merely in the 
nature of a retainer, and in reality does not 
cover the cost of preparing the case. It is 
simply sufficient to establish the relation of 
attorney and client, and the amount thereof is 
applied toward the payment of the amount 
which 1 quote as the total cost of your patent. 
Upon payment of this retainer I prepare the 
complete application papers, including the 
necessary official drawings, and promptly for- 



ward the same to you for approval and execu- 
tion, relying wholly upon your integrity for the 
return of the papers accompanied by the 
necessary fees to complete the payment of the 
cost of preparation and filing of the applica- 
tion. Until the application is allowed, no 
further payment is due, and your honor is 
depended upon entirely for such further pay- 
ment. I depend upon your integrity for the 
payment of the fees, and you will agree 
with me that it is but fair for me to render in 
return faithful and conscientious services in 
the protection of your interests. 

What May be Patented. New Ideas 
Which are Useful. 

Anything which is new of itself, or is an im- 
provement on an existing device, if the same 
is useful, may form the subject-matter of a 
patent, and the Patent Office will grant a 
monopoly for a period of seventeen years for 
its manufacture, use, and sale. The entire 
field of invention is thus covered, and whether 
the invention be simple or of a complicated 
nature, the law rewards the inventor for his 
ingenuity in devising the same. Ideas which 
you evolve in your daily life, and which may 
be embodied in a mechanical construction, 
form the subject-matter of a patent, and thereby 
entitle you to exclusive protection thereon. 

If you have a new idea or discovery, the first 
step toward patenting the same is to deter- 
mine whether or not the idea or discovery is 
patentably novel, and I advise promptly and 
carefully as to this question. 



13 



Procedure to Determine Patentability 

of an Invention. Sketches or 

Photos Only are Mecessary. 

Model May be Used. 

If you wish to know whether or not an in- 
vention which you have made is patentable, 
send me rough sketches such as you can make 
yourself, and which need not be artistic, or 
photos of the invention, and when sending 
these you should also accompany the same with 
a description in your own language of the pur- 
pose of the invention, the advantages which 
you think will be derived by its use, and a 
statement as to the construction of the inven- 
tion or discovery. This will enable me to see 
exactly j ust what you have invented, and please 
note that I do not care for finely executed 
drawings. My long experience in interpret- 
ing inventors' ideas by rough sketches enables 
me to see at once just what an inventor has 
done, and, besides, well-made drawings con- 
sume a great deal of time. It is of the utmost 
importance that time be saved in filing an ap- 
plication for patent, and I venture the assertion 
that from sketches which you are able to make 
I can determine the patentability of an inven- 
tion, prepare the necessary application papers, 
and have the application on file in the Patent 
Office in shorter time than those attorneys who 
persistently call upon inventors for elaborate 
drawings and working models. 

Models are not necessary. The Patent Office 
does not require them except in very rare 
cases, and you should, therefore, not waste 
valuable time in making models of your in- 
ventions. If, however, you have a model, and 
would prefer to send it, the same should be 
forw r arded to me with your name clearly marked 
thereon, and from the model the invention will 



14 



be fully disclosed. Prepay all express or 
freight charges. 

If your invention is a large machine it will 
only be necessary to send photographs of the 
same, accompanied by a general explanation, 
and this will enable me to gain a sufficiently 
comprehensive understanding of the invention 
to determine its novelty. 

Jtn Expert Examination and Opinion 

as to Patentability. Mo Charge 

for the Same. 

As soon as I receive your sketch or model 
and the description of the construction and 
operation of your invention, I will promptly 
make an expert examination of the prior 
patents which have been granted in the field 
of invention to which your particular discovery 
belongs, in order to determine whether or not 
you are entitled to a patent. This examina- 
tion is conducted with the greatest care and 
expedition, and I make absolutely no charge 
for the same. As soon as the examination is 
completed you will be immediately advised as 
to the result of the same, and if the invention 
is patentable, I will then quote the exact cost 
for securing a patent thereon. 

These examinations which I make are just 
the same in all respects as those for which 
other attorneys make a charge of $5.00, and in 
order to show that they must necessarily be 
thorough, I merely point to the fact that as a 
portion of my fee is not payable until the 
application is allowed, as appears later on, the 
examination must necessarily develop all 
patents which would preclude the allowance of 
your application after being filed. The field to 
which your invention belongs is carefully ex- 
amined, and in the event that prior patents 



have been granted which will prevent you 
securing a patent, I conscientiously advise you 
of this fact, so that you will be saved the ex- 
pense of filing an application. 

While I make no charge for the above ex- 
amination, at the same time I would suggest 
that a remittance of $5.00 be made when for- 
warding your sketches and descriptive matter, 
and then if the invention proves patentable 
this amount will be credited on the cost of the 
patent. On the other hand, if the invention 
should not prove patentable the money is in 
hand to cover cost of the anticipating patents, 
which I purchase and send to you, deducting 
the amount thereof from the remittance made, 
and the balance is held to your credit pending 
your further steps in the matter. 

As I make no charge for these examinations 
and opinions, I do not presume for one mo- 
ment that inventors will ask me to waste my 
valuable time simply to gratify their curiosity 
to know whether or not their inventions are 
patentable, but that they will proceed to 
patent their inventions if the same are novel 
and so reported by me. 

When reporting that your invention is 
patentable, I will advise you as to the exact 
cost of the patent, and you are thus informed 
in advance as to the exact sum you will be re- 
quired to expend in adequately protecting 
your invention. This is done to avoid any 
misunderstanding, and to give you the satis- 
faction of knowing before taking any steps 
just what payments are to be made, and when 
such payments are to be made. 



16 



Special Report as to Patentability. 

Enables You to Become Familiar 

with Prior Patents Before FiU 

ing Your Application. 

In many instances my clients desire to know 
the relation which their invention bears to 
those covered by prior patents, so that they 
may determine in a measure whether or not an 
infringement of prior patents will exist. In 
order that they may gain this information, and 
that they may become familiar with patents in 
the same line of invention as their own, I 
make a special examination of the Patent 
Office records and select those patents which 
approach most closely the invention which 
they have made, and after such search I ren- 
der a special report as to the bearing of these 
patents upon the invention submitted to me. 
For this special examination and report, in- 
cluding copies of the nearest patents, the 
charge is but $5.00, and I strongly recommend 
that this search be made and report given if 
it is your desire to become familiar with the 
prior art before you file your case. Do not 
confuse this examination and report with that 
referred to under the sections of this booklet 
treating of validity and infringement reports, 
as the latter are much more extensive, and 
consequently involve more expense. These 
special searches and reports, however, are de- 
signed to acquaint the inventor with what has 
been done, so that he may know substantially 
his position. 

What a Patent Costs. Is Met by a 
Series of Easy Payments. 

The charges which I make for securing a 
patent are always reasonable, and as low as 
consistent with thoroughly first-class and con- 



17 



scientious work. I accord all cases skillful 
prosecution, and my sole aim is to obtain a 
patent that will afford each inventor entrust- 
ing his business to my care full and complete 
protection for his discovery. In simple cases, 
which usually require only one sheet of draw- 
ings, the total cost of filing an application 
through me is but $30, as you will observe by 
the following statement of my terms, and no 
further payments are to be made until your 
application has been formally allowed by the 
Patent Office, and official notice thereof is sent 
to you by me. To secure preparation of the 
official application papers, you should remit 
$10, which is applied on my fee, and upon re- 
ceipt of this amount, I promptly and without 
delay prepare the papers, together with the 
necessary drawings. Upon the completion of 
these papers the same are forwarded to you for 
your approval and signature, and at that time 
I also forward you a print of the drawings, so 
that you can tell at once the exact manner in 
which your invention will be presented to the 
Examiners at the Patent Office. These papers 
are to be returned promptly to me, after the 
same have been executed by you, accom- 
panied by $15, which is the Government filing 
fee, and $5, which covers the cost of the offi- 
cial drawings — total, $20, and as soon as I re- 
ceive this remittance and the papers, the ap- 
plication is at once filed at the Patent Office. 
When the official filing receipt is received, the 
same will be forwarded to you, so that you 
may know that the case is actually on file. 
After the application is allowed, the Patent 
Office issues official notice thereof, and as soon 
as this is received, I will forward the same to 
you. You are then to remit at once $15, 
which is the'remainder of my fee for prose- 
cuting the case. 



iS 



Final Government Fee. Secures Issue 
of Patent. 

After your application is allowed by the 
Patent Office, a period of six months is given 
at any time during which period you are to 
make payment of the final Government fee of 
$20, thereby completing the total cost of the 
patent, $65. Upon payment of this fee, which 
may be made either upon the day of the al- 
lowance of the application or the very last day 
of the period of six months, according to your 
choice, the patent will issue in approximately 
three weeks after the date upon which the fee 
is paid into the Patent Office. If you choose, 
you may remit the final Government fee of 
$20 direct to the Commissioner of Patents, or 
to me. It is usual, however, for the fee to be 
sent to the attorney, w 7 ho in turn pays it to the 
Commissioner of Patents. 

The framers of the Patent Statutes very 
wisely provided for a period of six months in 
which inventors could pay their final fees, so 
that ample time may be given them to file ap- 
plications for foreign patents. This must be 
done in almost all of the principal countries 
before the issue of the United States patent; 
otherwise, no valid foreign protection can be 
secured. The time between the payment of 
the final fee and the exact date of issue is con- 
sumed by lithographing, engrossing and print- 
ing the patent. 

How to Expedite Preparation of Your 
Case. 

At the time you send to me the data for the 
preliminary examination to determine the 
probable novelty of your invention, you may 
remit $10. If the invention proves to be a 
patentable one, you are immediately advised 



19 



of this fact, but without delaying the case in 
waiting to hear further from you, I will pro- 
ceed with the immediate preparation of the 
necessary application papers. This will save 
considerable time, which is of great impor- 
tance in the filing of patent applications, but 
should the invention not be patentable, the 
$to remitted will simply be held to your 
credit. 

Coming to Washington. 

As a rule, a trip to Washington by an invent- 
or with a view to expediting the preparation 
and filing of his case, is a waste of time and 
money. There are, however, certain condi- 
tions under which it is desirable that an invent- 
or should come to Washington, and this is 
especially true when his invention is of a com- 
plicated nature and it is difficult for him to 
describe the same or to secure drawings, photo- 
graphs, or models of his invention. In such 
cases the preparation of cases is frequently 
expedited and facilitated, and if you are unable 
to secure drawings my draftsman is here to re- 
ceive your oral explanation, and with your aid 
we are in a position to promptly prepare the 
official drawings for the Patent Office. 

If the invention is a complicated machine 
and too large to be forwarded to Washington, 
the usual course is for the attorney to go to 
the factory or home of the inventor and prepare 
the case there. This is frequently done, and 
my charges under such conditions are nom- 
inal. 

Complicated Cases. Some Inventions 

are More Extensive than Others 

and Require Greater Effort. 

It sometimes happens that some inventions 



are more complicated than others, and conse- 
quently it is necessary that more than one 
sheet of drawings should be employed for 
properly illustrating the same ; a description 
of increased length is also necessary in such 
cases. These cases are more technical than 
the simpler ones, as, for instance, in electrical, 
electro-chemical, and chemical cases. My 
charges under such circumstances, however, 
are placed to accord with the circumstances of 
each case, and will be definitely fixed and 
promptly quoted the inventor after I have 
made the necessary examination. My terms 
will also be found to be reasonable, and the 
services rendered in such cases will be of the 
highest class. 

The Application in the Patent Office. 

After your application is filed in the Patent 
Office the same will be assigned to the proper 
division which examines the particular line of 
inventions to which yours belongs. The work 
of the various divisions, however, is seldom up 
to date, and, therefore, when an application is 
filed it must await its turn for action. In 
some cases actions are promptly given within 
from ten to twenty days after filing ; but it 
can not be definitely foretold just when an ap- 
plication will be reached. It is rare that an 
application is allowed as soon as reached, as 
the Examiners usually oppose the allowance 
on the first action for various reasons, but their 
opposition is always met by strenuous argu- 
ment and the greatest skill, and by aggres- 
sively prosecuting the case the desired allow- 
ance is soon had. 

As before stated, the time in which an appli- 
cation will probably be allowed can not be pred- 
icated, but I invariably endeavor to bring the 



21 



Case to a successful termination in the shortest 
possible time. 

Publication of Your Patent. 

At the time your patent issues the claims 
which have been granted you, an illustration 
of your invention, and your name and address 
are simultaneously published in the United 
States Official Gazette, which is a journal 
issued by the Patent Office, and your name 
will immediately come before manufacturers, 
agents, patentees, capitalists, and other per- 
sons interested in patents and industrial 
property. 

Joint Owners and Inventors. Distinct 
tion Between. 

If you are merely interested in an invention 
made by some other person, you can not be 
considered the inventor thereof. You are sim- 
ply the joint owner with the true inventor, and 
your interest can be protected by what is tech- 
nically termed an assignment. This is a deed 
of transfer properly prepared and conveying a 
part or the whole interest in the invention to 
you. It may be made either before or after the 
application is filed, or after the issue of the 
patent, and should be duly recorded in the 
Patent Office to secure against subsequent con- 
veyance of the same interest. 

If you have actually made a part of an inven- 
tion with another person, you are then a joint 
inventor, and an application for patent for the 
invention should be made in both of your 
names. 

The cost of preparing and recording an 
assignment is usually $5. 

Licenses, Shop Rights, Etc. 

All rights to manufacture, use or sell in cer- 



tain localities should be granted by licenses, 
shop rights, and such instruments, and I give 
special attention to the preparation of such 
papers, together with royalty contracts, and all 
other agreements relating to the transfer of 
patent interests. The usual cost for preparing 
and recording instruments of this character 



Design Patents. 

A design patent is granted to cover the 
shape, outline, configuration or pattern of an 
article, and not its mechanical construction. 
If you have devised a new and original shape 
for any article of manufacture a design patent 
will adequately protect you. This class of 
protection, however, is more especially de- 
signed for articles in which the shape or design 
is of importance from an ornamental stand- 
point, and may be granted for vehicle bodies, 
stoves, fire-fronts, pottery and glassware, 
statuary, bas-relief and alto-relievo work, de- 
signs for the printing of fabrics, ornaments, 
impressions, patterns, prints or pictures to be 
printed, painted, cast or otherwise placed on 
or worked into an article of manufacture. 
Many large interests are protected in this 
manner and are afforded complete protection 
against imitation or infringement by unscrupu- 
lous persons. 

In design cases there is but one Government 
fee, and an advantageous feature of design 
protection is the fact that the same is granted 
for any of three terms, to-wit : three and one- 
half years, seven years, or fourteen years. 
Thus some inventions which are likely to en- 
joy but short popularity may be protected only 
for the term in which their importance will be 
felt, and at small expense the inventor may 
procure a design patent, and thereby protect 



his interests during the popularity of the 
invention. 

The Government fees for the respective 
terms enumerated are $10, $15 and $30. With- 
out regard to the term which you may select, 
my charge is only $15 for preparing and prose- 
cuting the case, in addition to the usual charge 
of $5 for one sheet of official drawings, unless 
the design should prove of extraordinary com- 
plication, when a slightly larger fee must be 
fixed for the time involved in preparing and 
prosecuting the case. The total cost of a de- 
sign patent, therefore, in each of the terms 
above mentioned, is $30, $35 and $50, the same 
being determined by the term which you 
select. 

Complete application papers for a design 
patent will be prepared and forwarded to you 
for approval and execution upon receipt of 
$10, and with the return of the same you are 
to remit the Government fee and the charge 
for the drawings, according to the term which 
you may elect for your patent. The balance 
of my fee, $5, is not to be paid until allowance 
of the case, in accordance with the terms 
hereinbefore outlined. 

Patents for Compounds, Compositions, 
Etc. 

The law grants protection not only for 
machines and designs, but also for compounds, 
compositions, etc., such as compounds for 
cleaning and polishing, metal alloys, cements, 
fertilizers, leather dressings, soaps, hair dress- 
ings, cosmetics, ointments, paints, inks, and 
the like. In fact, all mixtures, whether liquid 
or solid, if the same are useful, may be 
patented. 

In this class of cases the prosecution is ex- 
tremely difficult. The total cost of the patent, 



24 



however, is only $65, the same as for mechan- 
ical patents, but by reason of the difficult prac- 
tice attending the securing of the patent, 
making its allowance considerably more diffi- 
cult than in other cases, the amount of the 
first payment required by me is, therefore, in- 
creased to $15. On receipt of this amount, 
which should be accompanied by a statement 
setting forth the particular ingredients which 
you use, the quantity of each ingredient, and 
the particular purpose of the ingredient, to- 
gether with the manner of compounding the 
same, I prepare complete application papers, 
which will be forwarded to you for approval 
and execution. When these are returned to 
me, you should remit $15 to cover the Govern- 
ment filing fee. No further fee is due then until 
the application is allowed, when $15, the re- 
mainder of my fee, should be remitted at once. 
The Government also allows a period of six 
months in this class of cases in which to pay 
the final Government fee, $20, and this may 
be paid at any time during such period. 

In applying for a patent on a compound, 
composition and the like, I wish to particu- 
larly impress you with the fact that it is almost 
impossible to determine in advance the patent- 
ability of this class of inventions. When the 
case is taken up for action by the Examiner, 
he may include as citations against the same 
recipes, formulae, etc., which may have ap- 
peared in printed publications from time to 
time, and are, therefore, outside of the usual 
field of search. Moreover, the question of 
patentability in cases of this character is not 
construed with that degree of liberality on the 
part of the Patent Office as is characteristic 
of mechanical cases ; therefore, an applicant 
must necessarily take the chances which are 
ever present, and which he should not hesitate 



25 



about taking if he deems the invention of real 
practical value. The protection afforded by a 
patent in this class of cases is reinforced to a 
considerable extent by also registering a trade- 
mark for the same, as is pointed out under 
11 Trade-marks " in the following subject. 

Important. — In medical compounds the 
practice of the Patent Office is very rigid, the 
Examiners holding that these are nothing 
more than physicians' prescriptions, and con- 
sequently it is only very rare that applications 
are now allowed for medical compounds. The 
better course in such cases is simply to adopt 
a trade-mark for the same and preserve in 
secret the ingredients of the compound. 

Trademarks. Jlre Valuable Jissets in 
Jiny Business. 

The law has very wisely provided that any 
person, firm, or corporation who has adopted a 
trade-mark may register the same in the 
Patent Office. A trade-mark consists of a dis- 
tinctive or fanciful name or symbol, or any 
device, design or stamp, or a combination of 
such as applied to articles of merchandise or 
the package in which the same are contained. 
By registering a trade-mark in the Patent 
Office you are given rights of action in the 
United States courts against persons fraudu- 
lently using the mark or infringing the same. 

A trade-mark is of much value to manufac* 
turers and merchants, and its value steadily 
increases. When applied continually to an 
article of merchandise, such merchandise be-, 
comes a landmark, as it were, to the public 
mind, and purchasers will determine the genu- 
ineness of the article by the trade-mark which 
it bears. As indicating the value which has 
been placed upon trade-marks by business, 
men, it is simply necessary to point to the fact 



26 



that over 35,000 have been registered in the 
Patent Office. 

The novelty of a trade-mark resides in the 
fact that it has never been used before upon 
the same class of goods. Therefore, a mark 
which has been used upon one class of goods 
may be adopted for use upon another class, 
and still be a registrable mark, and neither 
mark will infringe the other. 

To determine the registrability or novelty of 
a trade-mark, it is necessary to make an ex- 
tensive examination through the official 
records of the Patent Office, and as this exam- 
ination is so essentially different from the 
novelty search relative to a mechanical inven- 
tion, I make a charge of $5 for the same. If, 
however, the mark is registrable, the amount 
of this fee is credited on the total cost for 
registration. 

The law requires that a mark to be regis- 
trable must have been commercially used with 
a foreign nation or an Indian tribe. This re- 
quirement is readily complied with by sending 
a small consignment of the goods on which 
you use the mark to any dealer having trade 
relations with an Indian tribe or to a Canadian 
merchant. Such goods should bear the trade- 
mark. 

The entire cost for registering a trade-mark 
is only $45, and of this amount $25 covers the 
Government filing fee, $15 my fee, and $5 the 
cost of the drawings. In these cases you 
should remit $15 when you instruct me to pro- 
ceed with the necessary application, unless $5 
has been previously sent for the search above 
referred to, when the remittance should be 
$10. On receipt of this amount the applica- 
tion is carefully drawn and forwarded to you 
promptly for approval and execution, and with 
the return of the same you are to remit the 



27 



Government fee, $25, and the cost of the 
drawings, $5 — total, $30. 

Trade-marks are assignable the same as 
patents, and my charge for preparing an 
assignment of a trade-mark and recording the 
same in the Patent Office is $5. 

The term of a trade-mark registration is thirty 
years and may be renewed. 

Prints and Labels. Have Substantially 

the Same Advantages as a 

Trade^Mark. 

Manufacturers and merchants frequently 
adopt prints and labels for identifying their 
goods, over others of the same general class, 
and in this connection it is well to note the 
distinction between a print and a label. 

A print is a cut, engraving, photograph, pic- 
ture, or any other creation possessing artistic 
features, but is not applied to an article of 
manufacture, and an example of this is an 
advertisement. 

A label is also a creation possessing artistic 
features, but it is applied directly to the article 
of manufacture, either by printing, impressing 
or stamping the same thereon, or upon the 
wrapper covering the article of manufacture, 
or upon pieces of paper designed to be attached 
to the articles, or to the boxes, crates or pack- 
ages containing the same, whereby the con- 
tents of the boxes, crates or packages, the 
name of the manufacturer, directions for the 
use of the articles, etc., are indicated. 

Quite unlike trade-marks, prints and labels 
must be registered before use or publication. 

The distinguishing difference between prints 
and labels and a trade-mark is the fact that in 
a print or label the character, quality, and 
other features of the goods may be set forth, 
but in a trade-mark, such is not permitted. 



28 



Commercial men everywhere have appreciated 
the value of prints and labels, and the regis- 
tration of these is constantly increasing. 

For registering a print or label my total 
charge is $20. This amount includes the 
necessary Government fees and my fees, 
which, by reason of the nature of these cases, 
are payable in advance. 

If you wish to register a print or label you 
should furnish me with the name and residence 
of the applicant, and six copies of the print or 
label, accompanied by the remittance above 
set forth, whereupon the proper steps will be 
promptly taken. 

A registered print or label affords protection 
for twenty-eight years, and may be renewed. 

Caveats. 

A caveat is notice to the Patent Office that 
an inventor is working upon a certain dis- 
covery of which the details have not been 
completed in order to enable him to file a com- 
plete application for patent, and its purpose is 
to prevent the Patent Office issuing a patent on 
a similar invention to another inventor until 
the inventor filing the caveat has had an op- 
portunity to file his application for patent and 
contest the question of priority of invention 
with the other inventor. If, however, the in- 
vention is so near perfected that you regard it 
as practically completed, you should file the 
application for patent at once and not waste 
valuable time and money by filing a caveat, 
this being a needless expense under such cir- 
cumstances. As patent applications are held 
under the strictest secrecy by the Patent 
Office, so caveats are likewise held, and it is 
therefore impossible for anyone to have access 
to your caveat unless properly instructed and 
authorized by you. 



29 



As a caveat affords practically no protection, 
beyond notice to the Patent Office that you 
are working upon a certain invention, it is far 
better to file at once an application for patent, 
which gives you immediately a filing date 
which must be overcome by another inventor 
in the same line, and which is of much value 
in the event that the question of priority of 
invention should be contested. 

The entire cost of a caveat, covering a sim- 
ple invention, is $25. Of this amount the 
Government fee is f 10, my fee is $10, and the 
cost of the drawings is $5. 

A caveat covers a period of one year, and 
may be renewed from year to year, or at the 
expiration of each year, at an additional cost 
of $10, the Government fee. 

Upon receipt of sketches, photographs or 
model of your invention, accompanied by a 
remittance of $10 on account, I will immedi- 
ately prepare complete application, which will 
be forwarded to you for approval and execu- 
tion, and upon its return, accompanied by a 
remittance of $15, the balance of the cost, the 
application will be promptly filed. 

Copyrights. 

The author, inventor, designer or proprietor 
of any book, map, chart, dramatical or musical 
composition, engraving, cut, print or photo- 
graph or negative of the same, or of a painting, 
drawing, chromo, statue, statuary and of 
models and designs which are intended to be 
perfected as works of the fine arts, if he is a 
citizen or resident of the United States, may 
obtain a copyright for such creations. To 
effect valid registration of a copyright, the 
title or description of the work must be re- 
corded, and two printed copies filed with the 
Librarian of Congress. This must be done on 



or before the day upon which the work is pub- 
lished, otherwise a valid copyright can not be 
secured. 

The term of a copyright is twenty-eight 
years, and this may be renewed for fourteen 
additional years, provided the application for 
renewal is filed within six months before the 
first term expires. 

If you wish to secure a copyright, forward 
to me the title of the work, together with a 
statement of its nature, whether a book, chart, 
map, magazine, painting, etc., and also your 
full name and address. When this informa- 
tion is received, the proper papers will be pre- 
pared and filed in the Congressional Library. 
If you have printed copies these should be 
forwarded to me. My fee for securing regis- 
tration of a copyright is $5, and should be for- 
warded at the time of making application. 

Jtppeals. Rarely Necessary. 

In the prosecution of applications before 
the Patent Office I exhaust every effort to 
secure the broadest and most comprehensive 
protection before the Examiners having im- 
mediate charge of the applications. There are, 
however, times when it is impossible for the 
Examiner and attorney to agree on certain 
claims, and under these conditions the Ex- 
aminer will not allow the claims in question. 
The inventor is not compelled to rest with the 
decision of the Examiner in such instances, 
but the law has provided a series of appeals 
which he may take in order to establish his 
right to the claims which have been refused 
by the Examiner. 

The first appeal from the decision of an Ex- 
aminer is to a tribunal termed the Board of 
Examiners-in-Chief , which tribunal consists of 
three persons highly qualified to decide the 



31 



most intricate questions brought before them 
relating to the various arts, and who are versed 
in patent law. If this Board reverses the de- 
cision of the Examiner, no further appeal is 
necessary. If, however, they sustain the Ex- 
aminer, a second appeal lies to the Commis- 
sioner of Patents in person, and should he 
affirm the decision of the Board of Examiners- 
in-Chief , a third appeal may be taken to the 
Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia. 
The decision of this Court is final, but it is 
very rare that cases reach the Court of 
Appeals. 

The Government appeal fee to the Board of 
Examiners-in-Chief is $10, and my fee ranges 
from $10 to $25, according to the extent and 
nature of the case. 

The appeal fee to the Commissioner of 
Patents is $20, and in such cases my minimum 
fee is $20, ranging to $50, but a portion of this 
is contingent upon success. 

In an appeal to the Court of Appeals of the 
District of Columbia, the exact cost can not be 
determined in advance of the particular case, 
but the same is governed wholly by the scope 
of the case, and is stipulated at the time when 
such is necessary. 

1 simply indicate the nature and cost of 
these various appeals for the information and 
guidance of inventors, but I am very happy to 
say that in all my practice I have usually suc- 
ceeded in obtaining the desired protection 
without the necessity of resorting to an ap- 
peal. If, however, the circumstances arise 
compelling an appeal to be taken, I advise 
accordingly, and when an appeal is advised 
the same should by all means be prosecuted, 
inasmuch as they are only advised when im- 
portant interests are at stake. 



3 2 



Rejected Cases. 

It frequently happens that applications for 
patents for inventions are rejected by the 
Patent Office, when, if they had received the 
proper attention, the same might have been 
allowed, and excellent protection obtained. 
This condition arises by reason of the applica- 
tions having been filed by unskilled persons, 
the cases being rejected for want of formality, 
and not for want of novelty, or where the ap- 
plications have been placed in the hands of 
attorneys who are careless and incapable. It 
often occurs that such applications are suc- 
cessfully prosecuted and patents obtained after 
other attorneys have failed in their efforts re- 
specting them, and I shall, therefore, be glad 
to accord such cases careful and vigorous at- 
tention. My fee for this work ranges from 
$15 to $50, according to the extent of the case, 
but the fee will always be agreed upon before 
the prosecution is commenced. 

If you have a rejected case, send me any 
Patent Office letters which you may have re- 
ceived, and I shall carefully examine the mat- 
ter and advise you, without charge, whe^ r or 
not you can get a patent. 

Reissue Patents. 

Patents are sometimes defective or insuf- 
ficient because of the fact that the invention 
has not been properly set forth, or by reason 
of inadequate claims. If such conditions have 
arisen through inadvertence, accident or mis- 
take, the proper course to pursue is for the 
patentee or his assignees to apply for a reissue 
of the patent. Reissue applications require 
the highest skill for their preparation and 
prosecution, and only thoroughly competent 
patent solicitors are in a position to handle 



33 



such cases. For reissuing a patent for a sim- 
ple invention my charge is usually $75, and in 
complicated cases the charge is proportion- 
ately increased. 

Interferences. Enable an Inventor to 

Contest the Question of Priority 

of Invention with Jtnother 

Inventor. 

There are times when two or more inventors 
apply for patents approximately at the same 
time for precisely the same invention, and 
under such conditions it is impossible for the 
Patent Office to determine who is actually the 
first inventor without due proceedings being 
had in order that the proper facts may be pre- 
sented to the Patent Office to enable the set- 
tlement of this question. When this condition 
arises each inventor is compelled to take his 
proofs to show approximately the time when 
he conceived the invention, and the relations 
which he bore to the other inventors at the 
time he or they entered the field. 

While interferences are of rare occurrence, 
considering the large number of applications 
which are annually filed, at the same time the 
nature of these proceedings is such, being 
based upon the practice in the U. S. Courts, 
that the services of an attorney and counsellor 
at law, who is skilled in patent practice, are 
absolutely necessary in order to properly han- 
dle the cases. It is necessary that testimony 
be skilfully taken, but I am happy to say that 
having been identified with a number of inter- 
ferences, I am in a position to render expert 
service in these cases. 

It is impossible to fix a stated fee for the 
conduct gi interferences, but in all cases the 



34 



charges are placed as moderate as the nature 
of the cases will permit. 

Opinions as to Scope and Validity of 
Patents. 

The very nature of this subject requires that 
only attorneys who are well versed in patent 
law and practice, and familiar with its many 
intricacies, be retained when opinions as to 
the scope and validity of patents are to be ren- 
dered. The ordinary solicitor of patents is not 
equipped for this service, but it is only within 
the realm of an expert attorney and counsellor 
at law. 

I make a specialty of rendering such opin- 
ions, and manufacturers and others who are 
contemplating manufacturing a patented ma- 
chine or article should take no steps in this 
direction until the patent under which they 
contemplate manufacturing is thoroughly in- 
vestigated. To do this it is necessary to care- 
fully examine all prior patents relating directly 
to the subject-matter of the patent in question 
and all allied subjects, to determine whether 
or not the claims which have been granted by 
the Patent Office are perfectly valid. The 
mere fact that the Patent Office has granted a 
patent is not conclusive evidence of its validity, 
for it frequently happens that in the examina- 
tion by the Examining Corps patents in allied 
arts are overlooked, but which are directly in 
point as references for the claims which have 
been presented, and which are presumed, at 
the time of the examination, to be clearly 
patentable. Obviously, under such circum- 
stances, a patent if purchased and large indus- 
trial interests are built upon the protection 
afforded thereby, is invalid at the time of pur- 
chase, and should suit be instituted thereon 
for infringement the patent when subjected to 



35 



the scrutiny of judicial investigation will fall. 
Consequently capital which has been invested 
on the presumed protecting powers of the 
patent is lost and the industrial interests crum- 
ble away. 

Opinions as to Infringement of 
Patents. 

It often happens that manufacturers are 
notified by patentees that they are infringing 
their patents, and unless they desist in con- 
tinuing the alleged infringement, suit will be 
brought to compel them to stop, and for the 
recovery of profits resulting from such infringe- 
ment. It is suggested by the patentees that 
suit may be obviated by the payment of royal- 
ties, or by purchasing outright the patents 
alleged to be infringed. Before taking steps 
under such circumstances to either purchase 
the patent or compromise the matter, you 
should have an examination made and an ex- 
pert opinion rendered as to the question of 
infringement, and as my offices are especially 
equipped for this particular line of work, I 
make a specialty of this branch of patent 
practice. 

My fees, both in validity and infringement 
opinions, are as low as possible, consistent with 
expert and thoroughly high-class service, and 
the same will be quoted when cases arise. 

Prosecution and Defense of Infringe- 
ment Suits. 

I also give special attention to the prosecu- 
tion and defense of infringement suits, and 
other causes involving patent rights, and be- 
ing qualified to practice in all of the United 
States Courts throughout the country, I am in 
a position to accord matters of this character 



;6 



thoroughly first-class, faithful and conscien- 
tious attention. 

My fees in matters of the above character 
are placed as low as consistent with thoroughly 
high-class work, but it is impossible to state in 
advance what the exact charges will be until 
cases arise. 

If you are of the opinion that the rights of 
your patent are being infringed, or if some 
other person has threatened you with a suit 
for alleged infringement of other patents, you 
should consult me at once, advise me of the 
full facts, and you may rest assured that prompt 
advice will be given immediately. 

Marking " Patent Applied For/' " PaU 
ented/' Etc. 

After your application has been placed on 
file in the Patent Office you have the legal 
right to mark the invention, if manufactured, 
" Patent Applied For." 

This course, however, is attended with con- 
siderable risk, and I invariably advise my 
clients not to place the inventions upon the 
market until their patents have been granted. 
No risk is incurred thereby, and I endeavor to 
secure the patent in a sufficiently short time 
to preclude any loss to the inventor by reason 
of delay incident to the issuing of the patent. 

Marking the invention " Patented " can not 
be legally done until the patent has actually 
issued. The allowance of your application 
does not afford this right, as the patent does 
not issue until the final Government fee is paid. 
The law attaches a heavy penalty for the 
fraudulent use of this mark upon an unpatented 
invention, and failure to use it upon the inven- 
tion when patented deprives you of the right 
to recover damages from an infringer against 



37 



whom you may bring suit, except on proof 
that such infringer was duly notified of the in- 
fringement, and continued, after such notice, 
to make, use, or vend the article patented. 

Foreign Patents. 

The patent laws of the United States have 
been framed in contemplation of the fact that 
an invention patented here is also worth pat- 
enting abroad. For this reason the period of 
six months after the allowance of a United 
States application is given the inventor in 
which to file his applications for foreign pat- 
ents, and unless the foreign applications are 
filed before the issue of the United States 
patent no valid foreign patents can be secured 
for the invention covered thereby. This is the 
provision of the patent laws of nearly all coun- 
tries foreign to the United States, and you 
will therefore see the importance and absolute 
necessity of filing foreign applications before 
the issue of the United States patent. Every 
inventor should be interested in patenting his 
invention abroad, and I will gladly quote my 
charges for patents in any countries which you 
may name. Canada, Great Britain, France, 
Germany, and Belgium are the countries usu- 
ally selected, and I quote special rates where 
applications for two or more countries are pro- 
ceeded with simultaneously. 

How to Send Money. 

In remitting fees the same may be done 
either by currency sent by registered mail, 
postal or express money order, check, or draft. 
Amounts to the extent of $2 or under may be 
sent by stamps. 



33 



CO XT EN TS. 



Page. 
Appeals 31 

Application in Patent Office 21 

Caveats 29 

Coming to Washington 20 

Complicated Cases 20 

Copyrights 30 

Design Patents 23 

Examination and Opinion as to Patentability 15 

Expediting Preparation of Case 19 

Final Government Fee :_ 19 

Foreign Patents 38 

How to Send Money 38 

Infringement Suits , 36 

Interferences 34 

Joint Owners and Inventors 22 

Licenses, Shop-Rights, Etc. 22 

My Ability and Qualifications 3 

My Terms 11 

No Free Advertising Schemes 10 

Opinions as to Scope and Validity 35 

Opinions as to Infringement 36 

"Patent Applied For," " Patented," Etc. 37 
Patents for Compounds, Compositions, Etc. 24 

Personal Services 9 

Prints and Labels 28 

Procedure to Determine Patentability 14 

Publication of Your Patent _ 22 

Reissue Patents 33 

Rejected Cases 33 

Select a Washington Attorney 7 

Special Report as to Patentability 17 

Trade-Marks 26 

Value of Your Patent 4 

What a Patent Costs 17 

What May Be Patented 13 



39 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



019 973 272 9 



a m . 






My Practice is Based upon Honorable 
Methods — Not Upon Bogus Schemes. 



One of Many Testimonials. 

. I. KiTSEE, Philadelphia, Pa., the well-known 
Electrical Expert, Analytical Chemist and 
Inventor, who alone has filed more than one 
hundred and fifty applications for patents, 



>Ir. Cromwell has been retained by me for a 
ong time as my attorney and counsellor in pat- 
ent causes. His work has always been of the 
Highest order, and he has been eminently success- 
: ul in all my matters." 

X 

: 

References Furnished. 



7453 % 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



019 973 272 9 




My Terms are Clearly Stated on Pages // 
to 13, and are Easy and Liberal. 



Unsurpassed Facilities for Obtaining U. S. 
and Foreign Patents. 




